Hypersonic starting flow at high angle of attack

Compressible starting flow at small angle of attack(Ao A) involves small amplitude waves and time-dependent lift coefficient and has been extensively studied before. In this paper we consider hypersonic starting flow of a two-dimensional flat wing or airfoil at large angle of attack involving strong shock waves. The flow field in some typical regions near the wing is solved analytically. Simple expressions of time-dependent lift evolutions at the initial and final stages are given. Numerical simulations by compuational fluid dynamics are used to verify and complement the theoretical results. It is shown that below the wing there is a straight oblique shock(OSW) wave,a curved shock wave(CSW) and an unsteady horizontal shock wave(USW), and the latter moves perpendicularlly to the wing. The length of these three parts of waves changes with time. The pressure above OSW is larger than that above USW, while across CSW there is a significant drop of the pressure, making the force nearly constant during the initial period of time. When, however, the Mach number is very large, the force coefficient tends to a time-independent constant, proportional to the square of the sine of the angle of attack.     

飞行器阵风响应的CFD-6DOF仿真分析

飞行器在大气中飞行,不可避免地受到阵风的影响。阵风所附加的气动载荷引发飞行器飞行状态的改变,过大幅值的阵风影响飞行的性能与安全。针对这种状况,首先采用改进的Lamb-Ossen涡模型,建立尾涡形式的阵风场;然后采用基于CFD技术的非定常N-S方程求解,并在计算网格中引入"网格速度"来模拟阵风,对SWIM(Subsonic Wall Interference Model)尾涡中的定常气动特性进行验证;最后通过CFD-6DOF的耦合,对SWIM俯冲穿越尾涡场的飞行轨迹进行研究。结果表明:计算结果与实验值符合较好;SWIM在尾涡中飞行时出现抖动、下沉、改变飞行状态、剧烈翻转的现象,与实际飞行器进入尾涡中的轨迹特性类似。     

Regional Response of the Climate System to Solar Forcing: The Role of the Ocean

A coupled climate model is used to explore the regional response of the climate system to solar forcing, with emphasis on the role of the ocean. It is shown that both the transient and the equilibrium response of surface temperature to changes in total solar irradiation is smaller over ocean than over land because of the ocean’s large heat capacity and the feedback involving evaporation. Furthermore, the advection of temperature anomalies and changes in ocean currents have an impact on the timing and the geographical distribution of the response. Nevertheless, at regional scales, the response to the forcing is embedded within the large internal variability of the system making the detection and analysis of the forced response difficult. Furthermore, this forced response could imply both changes in the mean state of the system as well as in its variability.     

Panel/full-span free-wake coupled method for unsteady aerodynamics of helicopter rotor blade

A full-span free-wake method is coupled with an unsteady panel method to accurately predict the unsteady aerodynamics of helicopter rotor blades in hover and forward flight. The unsteady potential-based panel method is used to consider aerodynamics of finite thickness multi-bladed rotors, and the full-span free-wake method is applied to simulating dynamics of rotor wake. These methods are tightly coupled through trailing-edge Kutta condition and by converting doublet-wake panels to full-span vortex filaments. A velocity-field integration technique is also adopted to overcome singularity problem during the interaction between the rotor wake and blades. Helicopter rotors including Caradonna-Tung, UH-60A, and AH-1G rotors, are simulated in hover and forward flight to validate the accuracy of this approach. The predicted aerodynamic loads of rotor blades agree well with available measured data and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results, and the unsteady dynamics of rotor wake is also well simulated. Compared to CFD, the present method obtains accurate results more efficiently and is suitable to rotorcraft aeroelastic analysis.     

Numerical investigation of unsteady vortex breakdown past 80°/65° double-delta wing

An improved delayed detached eddy simulation （IDDES） method based on the k-x-SST （shear stress transport） turbulence model was applied to predict the unsteady vortex breakdown past an 80o/65o double-delta wing （DDW）, where the angles of attack （AOAs） range from 30° to 40°. Firstly, the IDDES model and the relative numerical methods were validated by simulating the massively separated flow around an NACA0021 straight wing at the AOA of 60°. The fluctuation properties of the lift and pressure coefficients were analyzed and compared with the available measurements. For the DDW case, the computations were compared with such mea-surements as the mean lift, drag, pitching moment, pressure coefficients and breakdown locations. Furthermore, the unsteady properties were investigated in detail, such as the frequencies of force and moments, pressure fluctuation on the upper surface, typical vortex breakdown patterns at three moments, and the distributions of kinetic turbulence energy at a stream wise section. Two dominated modes are observed, in which their Strouhal numbers are 1.0 at the AOAs of 30°, 32° and 34° and 0.7 at the AOAs of 36o, 38° and 40°. The breakdown vortex always moves upstream and downstream and its types change alternatively. Furthermore, the vortex can be identified as breakdown or not through the mean pressure, root mean square of pressure, or even through correlation analysis.     

酒精浓度对燃烧性能影响研究

多组分燃料蒸发燃烧特性是当前国内外研究的热点,综合采用开窗试验和数值仿真方法,得到了不同酒精浓度(50%、65%和85%)燃烧的火焰结构,分析了酒精浓度对燃烧效率的影响。研究表明:仿真结果和试验结果符合得较好;酒精浓度越高,液滴在燃烧室蒸发越快,燃烧效率越高。     

姿控推进系统发动机关机的管路瞬变特性

从一维液体瞬变管路方程出发，采用有限差分格式的特征线方法，针对某姿控推进系统发动机真实氧化剂管路的关机瞬变特性进行了数值研究，对系统不同部位的动态特性进行了计算，喷注前的最大瞬变压力达到储箱压力的3倍，得到的结果与试车数据是一致的，对液体发动机管路工程设计具有参考价值，表明该方法可以方便地对包括许多管路，阀门和推力室的复杂系统进行动态特性分析。     

用气膜冷却来防止热斑引起的涡轮叶片过热

为了防止燃烧室出口热斑引起涡轮叶片过热，通过求解二维非定常N-S方程研究了热斑对高压涡轮一级叶片型面压力和温度的非定常影响，并对气膜冷却这种热防护方法进行了尝试。计算结果与公开发表的实验数据基本吻合。结果显示热斑的存在对涡轮级型面压力影响微小，但是会导致动叶型面特别是压力面的温度显著升高并随时间大幅波动。在动叶压力面鳃区引入气膜冷却对型面压力和热斑在涡轮级内的运动影响不大，但可以有效地阻隔高温热斑与压力面的直接接触，并显著降低壁温和减小温度随时问波动的幅度。     

叶轮机非定常气动设计的缘线匹配(Ⅰ)理论与实施方法

针对缘线匹配展开理论与实施方法探讨，分析了缘线匹配潜在效益，并给出缘线匹配的两种实施方法：基于非定常流动束缚于拟流回转面假设的基元流动展向积分方法和全优化方法。分析指出：缘线匹配具有通过沿展高调协叶轮机相邻叶排非定常流动相位关系实现气动、气弹、气动噪声和热传导性能全方位、多目标优化潜力，为叶轮机非定常设计提供了新的设计自由度。